Difference between revisions of "Afro Blues"
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| − | [[ | + | Composer: [[Mongo Santamaria]] <br/> |
| − | + | Arranger: [[Diane Downs]] and [[Rick Mattingly]] <br/> | |
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== General Info == | == General Info == | ||
| − | '''Year''': | + | '''Year''': 1959<br /--> |
| − | '''Duration''': c. <br /--> | + | '''Duration''': c. 3:00 <br /--> |
| − | '''Difficulty''': | + | '''Difficulty''': Advanced <br /--> |
| − | ''' | + | '''Publisher''': [[Hal Leonard]]<br /--> |
| − | '''Cost''': Score and Parts - $ | + | '''Series''': [[Leopard Percussion Ensemble]] <br/> |
| + | '''Cost''': Score and Parts - $30.00 | Score Only - $0.00<br /--> | ||
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== Instrumentation == | == Instrumentation == | ||
| − | + | Player 1: [[Glockenspiel]] <br/> | |
| + | Player 2: [[Vibraphone]] <br/> | ||
| + | Player 3: [[Xylophone]] 1 <br/> | ||
| + | Player 4: [[Xylophone]] 2 <br/> | ||
| + | Player 5: [[Marimba]] 1 <br/> | ||
| + | Player 6: [[Marimba]] 2 <br/> | ||
| + | Player 7: [[Shekere]] <br/> | ||
| + | Player 8: [[Timbales]] <br/> | ||
| + | Player 9: [[Bongos]] <br/> | ||
| + | Player 10: [[Congas]] <br/> | ||
| + | Player 11: [[Drumset]] <br/> | ||
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== Program Notes == | == Program Notes == | ||
| + | Mongo Santamaria recorded his composition "Afro Blue" in 1959 when playing with the Cal Tjader Sextet. The first recorded performance was on April 20, 1959, at the Sunset Auditorium in Carmel, California, with Santamaría on percussion.[1] | ||
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| + | "Afro Blue" was the first jazz standard built on a typical African 3:2 cross-rhythm, or hemiola.[2] The song begins with the bass repeatedly playing six cross-beats per measure of 12 | ||
| + | 8 or six cross-beats per four main beats—6:4 (two cells of 3:2). The following example shows the ostinato "Afro Blue" bass line. The cross noteheads indicate the main beats (not bass notes). | ||
| + | While the bass sounds the six secondary beats, Paul Horn's flute solo and Emil Richards' marimba solo emphasize the four primary beats. Francisco Aguabella takes the conga drum solo on the first recording, quoting phrases from the vocabulary of the abakuá bonkó drum. | ||
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| + | Using brushes, Willie Bobo plays an abakuá bell pattern on a snare drum. This cross-rhythmic figure divides the twelve-pulse cycle into three sets of four pulses. Since the main beats are grouped as four sets of three pulses (dotted quarter-notes in the top example), the bell pattern significantly contradicts the meter. Bobo played this same pattern and instrumentation on the Herbie Hancock jazz-descarga "Succotash."[3] | ||
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| + | The harmonic structure of Santamaria's version is a simple B♭ pentatonic blues.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro_Blue</ref> | ||
=== Review === | === Review === | ||
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| + | == Works for Percussion by Mongo Santamaria == | ||
| + | {{Santamaria, Mongo Works}}<br> | ||
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| + | == Works for Percussion by Rick Mattingly == | ||
| + | {{Mattingly, Rick Works}}<br> | ||
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| + | == Works for Percussion by Diane Downs == | ||
| + | {{Downs, Diane Works}} | ||
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Latest revision as of 16:48, 12 July 2023
Composer: Mongo Santamaria
Arranger: Diane Downs and Rick Mattingly
General Info
Year: 1959
Duration: c. 3:00
Difficulty: Advanced
Publisher: Hal Leonard
Series: Leopard Percussion Ensemble
Cost: Score and Parts - $30.00 | Score Only - $0.00
Movements
Instrumentation
Player 1: Glockenspiel
Player 2: Vibraphone
Player 3: Xylophone 1
Player 4: Xylophone 2
Player 5: Marimba 1
Player 6: Marimba 2
Player 7: Shekere
Player 8: Timbales
Player 9: Bongos
Player 10: Congas
Player 11: Drumset
Program Notes
Mongo Santamaria recorded his composition "Afro Blue" in 1959 when playing with the Cal Tjader Sextet. The first recorded performance was on April 20, 1959, at the Sunset Auditorium in Carmel, California, with Santamaría on percussion.[1]
"Afro Blue" was the first jazz standard built on a typical African 3:2 cross-rhythm, or hemiola.[2] The song begins with the bass repeatedly playing six cross-beats per measure of 12 8 or six cross-beats per four main beats—6:4 (two cells of 3:2). The following example shows the ostinato "Afro Blue" bass line. The cross noteheads indicate the main beats (not bass notes).
While the bass sounds the six secondary beats, Paul Horn's flute solo and Emil Richards' marimba solo emphasize the four primary beats. Francisco Aguabella takes the conga drum solo on the first recording, quoting phrases from the vocabulary of the abakuá bonkó drum.
Using brushes, Willie Bobo plays an abakuá bell pattern on a snare drum. This cross-rhythmic figure divides the twelve-pulse cycle into three sets of four pulses. Since the main beats are grouped as four sets of three pulses (dotted quarter-notes in the top example), the bell pattern significantly contradicts the meter. Bobo played this same pattern and instrumentation on the Herbie Hancock jazz-descarga "Succotash."[3]
The harmonic structure of Santamaria's version is a simple B♭ pentatonic blues.[1]
Review
Errata
Awards
Commercial Discography
Online Recordings
Recent Performances
To submit a performance please join the TEK Percussion Database
Works for Percussion by Mongo Santamaria
Afro Blues - Percussion Ensemble (11) Arr.
Works for Percussion by Rick Mattingly
Afro Blues - Percussion Ensemble
Works for Percussion by Diane Downs
Afro Blues - Percussion Ensemble (11)
Additional Resources
References